How to Watch Security Camera Streams on the Internet

Have you ever wanted to see what was going on on the other side of the world? With the following information, you can not only see through the eyes of Big Brother, but sometimes you can even zoom, pan, tilt, capture and save images. This is made possible by CCTV cameras that allow people to access cameras from anywhere in the world through the Internet.^[1] If the connection isn't password protected, the camera can be accessed by anyone! It's not as sneaky as it seems, though. You'll probably find that most of the footage is intended to be publicly transmitted, but it's still fascinating to peek into various corners of the world from your computer.

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STEPS:

1. Open up your web browser.
2. Go to a search engine of your choice, and input any of the search queries listed below.
3. After you Google one of these queries, you will see some search results, click on any one of them. Then you will either see a whole bunch of images of a security camera, or the screen of a single camera.
4. Depending on the type of camera that you have access to, you may be able to zoom, pan, and tilt the camera to see what you want to. If you cannot pan the camera, check the top of the control panel. If it displays "Locked" the motion controls for the camera have been disabled by the device's administrator.
5. Do not repeatedly maintain long or continuous connections to the feed (30 minutes is a good limit). Access logs for the devices can be created, and may be monitored by administrators. Many administrators will disregard brief attempts to access low importance devices when no harmful use is found. However, long periods of monitoring will likely attract suspicion and may cause the accessing IP address to be reported to authorities.

Tips

• You can take a screenshot or use a screen recording program do record the video stream, although most people would consider it rather obsessive and creepy.

Warnings

• This does not fall within most school's or office's computer use guidelines/restrictions.
• If you have to break through an existing login system, it's most likely illegal.
• As said before, do not use a camera for longer than half an hour

How to Do Self Defence Judo

This is a helpful guide to tell you how to bring down an opponent if you are attacked or threatened.

STEPS:

1. Stand with your right foot foward
2. Grab your opponents shoulders
3. Quickly twist them so their upper body is facing your right foot
4. Put your right foot behind their right foot, still holding them strongly by the shoulders
5. Pull them back over your foot so they fall back.
6. When they fall it will not hurt but will give you times to get away.

TIPS:

• If running before hand is possible,.. then RUN!!
• If you see any weapons (knife/gun etc.) then its possibly advisable to try and disarm them when you have tossed them.

How to Choose a Self Defense Class

Concerned about defending yourself? Not feeling confident when you're travelling alone? Why not try self-defense classes? They can be an enjoyable way to learn to protect yourself and boost confidence.

Finding a class

1. If you know anyone who goes to self-defense classes, talk to them, as they may be able to point you in the right direction. If you have a friend who teaches, even better!
2. Find out whether local self-defense classes have to have approval or specific licenses. This should help in finding a reputable instructor.
3. Go to your local police station. They should have a list of reputable self-defense classes, or at least be able to point you to some good instructors, and may be able to direct you to classes well-suited to you (e.g. self-defense for women).
4. If you are still stuck for classes, try having a look in your local telephone directory, search online for local classes, or look on bulletin board at local fitness centers. Remember: the size of the ad is no judge of the quality of the class. Have a look around any classes listed in your area.

Choosing between classes

1. When you find a class, go down when the lesson is on, and watch the class in progress. Don't just watch the instructor, pay attention to the people in the class, too. Remember that you may be training with them, so you should be comfortable being around them.
2. Talk to the instructor about the classes, and talk to those learning if you have the chance. They can give you an idea of what training will involve.
3. Get involved! Taking part will give you an idea of what the training is actually like.
4. If you like the look of a class, use any trial periods they may have; many schools offer a certain number of lessons at a reduced rate while you're deciding about the school.

Tips

• Talk to the instructor about what you're looking to get out of the classes.
• Be wary of fraudulent instructors; learning self-defense does not need to cost you an arm and a leg, nor does it require pledging eternal (or even temporary) servitude to them.
• If you believe something is dangerous to you, do not do it. A good instructor will know that not everyone is as confident or as able as others, and will support you in your training. You are at their classes of your own choosing.
• Learning to defend yourself does not have to be a chore! If you are not enjoying the classes, talk to your instructor. They may be able to adjust your instruction to your preferences. If they refuse, consider finding another class.
• If you are not comfortable with the 'atmosphere' of the class, do not be afraid to walk away. You may have only picked up on something subconciously, but 'intuition' is generally a good guide.
• If you are not feeling confident about going to classes initially, ask a friend to go with you. Seeing a familiar face when you start can make the difference between sticking around and dropping out.

How to Make a Webcam Into an Infrared Camera

This describes how to modify an ordinary web cam to capture images in the near infrared wavelength. All that is needed are two very small pieces of completely black photographic negative. If you do not have any negatives, a small piece of the inside of a floppy-disk will do as well.

Steps:

1. Open the webcam casing.
2. Unscrew the lens assembly from the camera PCB.
3. Remove the small piece of glass that appears to reflect red light, on the back of the lens.
4. Cut two pieces of black photographic negative the same size as the glass you just removed.
5. Fit the negative pieces where the glass was.
6. Re-assemble the camera. Be sure to use either daylight or incandescent lighting and the web cam will now see in infra red. If you leave the negative squares out the only color the camera will pick up is red black and white.

TIPS:

• This is only 'near-infrared', meaning it isn't going to be 'night vision' as you might expect. What this allows you to do is capture pictures of things with wonky colors and maybe see some things not necessarily visible in the normal wavelengths of human vision. Bright lights will appear very red, because you've filtered out all light except for the very far red end of the spectrum. Night vision requires a sensor capable of seeing much farther into the infrared spectrum.
• To avoid having to use an incandescent light, try illuminating the subject/object with infrared LEDs. This way you could "see" in a darkened room (at some limited distance, depending on the intensity of the IR LEDs). A common household source of infrared light by LED is a TV remote control which makes a great little flash light for your camera. If this is too dark to see, try removing the black photographic negative squares.
• Use proper Screw drivers to unscrew because improper handling might break the camera.

More DIY videos at 5min.com

How to Swim the Butterfly Stroke without Getting Tired

If you are really good in swimming and have nothing to do, learn the butterfly stroke. This article will tell you how to swim the butterfly stroke without getting tired. It is a very challenging stroke that uses almost all your body parts and it can be very tiring.

Steps:

1. Learn your other strokes first before learning butterfly stroke, because butterfly stroke actually uses almost all of your body and it is really not an easy stroke.
2. Paddle up and down with both your legs together - like you are a mermaid or a dolphin, don't paddle like you are swimming free style.
3. Don't stop paddling, keep at it no matter what.
4. Swing your hands 180 degrees under water. When your hands are raising up, they should come out from your left side and your right side. Try to pull forward when your hands are in the air.
5. Finish a paddle just before your hands are about to rise up and finish another paddle when your hands has just finished swinging.
6. To use less energy in butterfly stroke try to relax your hands when you are swinging it and also to hands should be in water in 2 seconds.

TIPS:

• If you really want to swim fast, just keep paddling and keep swinging your hands but it will be more tiring.
• Be sure to learn the other strokes first before learning this stroke.
• Learn with a swimming coach because it is much easier, but it's also possible to learn by using the above steps.

Computer

What is Computer?
Technically, a computer is a programmable machine. This means it can execute a programmed list of instructions and respond to new instructions that it is given. Today, however, the term is most often used to refer to the desktop and laptop computers that most people use. When referring to a desktop model, the term "computer" technically only refers to the computer itself -- not the monitor, keyboard, and mouse. Still, it is acceptable to refer to everything together as the computer. If you want to be really technical, the box that holds the computer is called the "system unit."
Some of the major parts of a personal computer (or PC) include the motherboard, CPU, memory (or RAM), hard drive, and video card. While personal computers are by far the most common type of computers today, there are several other types of computers. For example, a "minicomputer" is a powerful computer that can support many users at once. A "mainframe" is a large, high-powered computer that can perform billions of calculations from multiple sources at one time. Finally, a "supercomputer" is a machine that can process billions of instructions a second and is used to calculate extremely complex calculations.

Difference Between Input and Output Devices of a Computer

Overview:

This study note differentiate between input and output devices of a computer.

Input Devices:

Input is the first stage of computing, referring to any means that moves data (information) from the outside world into the processor or from one component of the computer to another.

• Keyboard

The primary input device for a computer, allowing users to type information just as they once did on a typewriter.

• Mouse

Used with graphical interface environments to point to and select objects on the system's monitor. Can be purchased in a variety of sizes, shapes, and configurations.

• Scanner

Converts printed or photographic information to digital information that can be used by the computer. Works similar to the scanning process of a photocopy machine.

• Microphone

Works like the microphone on a tape recorder. Allows input of voice or music to be converted to digital information and saved to a file.

• CD-ROM/DVD drive

Compact disc–read only memory: stores large amounts of data on a CD that can be read by a computer.

Processing Devices:

The central processing unit (CPU) is the heart and brain of the computer. This one component, or "chip," is responsible for all primary number crunching and data management. It is truly the centerpiece of any computer. It is so important that whole generations of computer technology are based and measured on each "new and improved" version of the CPU. When we refer to the CPU, we are usually speaking of the processor. However, the CPU requires several other components that support it with the management of data to operate. These components, when working in harmony, make up the primary elements of the PC we know today.

• Motherboard

The large circuit board found inside the computer. Without it, a computer is just a metal box. The motherboard contains all the remaining items in this table; for all practical purposes, it is the computer.

• Chip set

A group of computer chips or integrated circuits (ICs) that, when working together, manage and control the computer system. This set includes the CPU and other chips that control the flow of data throughout the system.

• Data bus

A group of parallel conductors (circuit traces) found on the motherboard and used by the CPU to send and receive data from all the devices in the computer.

• Address bus

A group of parallel conductors (circuit traces) found on the motherboard and used by the CPU to "address" memory locations. Determines which information is sent to, or received from, the data bus.

• Expansion slots

Specialized sockets that allow additional devices called expansion cards or, less commonly, circuit boards, to be attached to the motherboard. Used to expand or customize a computer, they are extensions of the computer's bus system.

• Clock

Establishes the maximum speed at which the processor can execute commands. Not to be confused with the clock that keeps the date and time.

• Battery

Protects unique information about the setup of the computer against loss when electrical power fails or is turned off. Also maintains the external date and time (not to be confused with the CPU's clock).

• Random Access Memory (RAM)

Stores temporary information (in the form of data bits) that the CPU and software need to keep running.

Output Devices:

All the input and processing in the world won't do us any good unless we can get the information back from the computer in a comprehensible and usable form.

• Printer

Generates a "hard copy" of information. Includes dot matrix, ink jet, and laser varieties.

• Monitor

The primary output device. Visually displays text and graphics.

• Plotter

Similar to a printer, but uses pens to draw an image. Most often used with graphics or drawing programs for very large drawings.

• Speakers

Reproduce sound. Optional high-quality speakers can be added to provide improved output from games and multimedia software.

Input and Output Devices:

Some devices handle both input and output functions. These devices are called input/output (I/O) devices, a term you will encounter quite often.

• Floppy disk drive

Mechanism for reading and writing to low-capacity, removable, magnetic disks. Used to store and easily transport information.

• Hard disk drive

High-capacity internal (and sometimes external) magnetic disks for storing data and program files. Also called fixed disks.

• Modem

Converts computer data to information that can be transmitted over telephone wires and cable lines. Allows communication between computers over long and short distances.

• Network card

An expansion card that allows several computers to connect to each other and share information and programs. Also called network interface card (NIC).

• CD recorder

Also called CD-R. You can copy data to a CD with this device, but you can only write to a section of the disc once. Variations on this type of device include compact disc–rewritable (CD-RW) drives. These drives allow you to read, write, and overwrite a special CD-ROM-type disc.

• Tape drive

Large-capacity, magnetic, data storage devices. Ideal for backup and retrieval of large amounts of data. Works like a tape recorder and saves information in a linear format.

What is Software?

Computer software, or just software is a general term used to describe a collection of computer programs, procedures and documentation that perform some tasks on a computer system.

The term includes:

• Application software such as word processors which perform productive tasks for users.
• Firmware which is software programmed resident to electrically programmable memory devices on board mainboards or other types of integrated hardware carriers.
• Middleware which controls and co-ordinates distributed systems.
• System software such as operating systems, which interface with hardware to provide the necessary services for application software.
• Software testing is a domain independent of development and programming. It consists of various methods to test and declare a software product fit before it can be launched for use by either an individual or a group. Many tests on functionality, performance and appearance are conducted by modern testers with various tools such as QTP, Load runner, Black box testing etc to edit a checklist of requirements against the developed code. ISTQB is a certification that is in demand for engineers who want to pursue a career in testing.
• Testware which is an umbrella term or container term for all utilities and application software that serve in combination for testing a software package but not necessarily may optionally contribute to operational purposes. As such, testware is not a standing configuration but merely a working environment for application software or subsets thereof.

Software includes websites, programs, video games, etc. that are coded by programming languages like C, C++, etc.

"Software" is sometimes used in a broader context to mean anything which is not hardware but which is used with hardware, such as film, tapes and records.

Relationship to computer hardware:

Computer software is so called to distinguish it from computer hardware, which encompasses the physical interconnections and devices required to store and execute (or run) the software. At the lowest level, software consists of a machine language specific to an individual processor. A machine language consists of groups of binary values signifying processor instructions that change the state of the computer from its preceding state. Software is an ordered sequence of instructions for changing the state of the computer hardware in a particular sequence. It is usually written in high-level programming languages that are easier and more efficient for humans to use (closer to natural language) than machine language. High-level languages are compiled or interpreted into machine language object code. Software may also be written in an assembly language, essentially, a mnemonic representation of a machine language using a natural language alphabet. Assembly language must be assembled into object code via an assembler.

The term "software" was first used in this sense by John W. Tukey in 1958. In computer science and software engineering, computer software is all computer programs. The theory that is the basis for most modern software was first proposed by Alan Turing in his 1935 essay Computable numbers with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem.

Types of software:

Practical computer systems divide software systems into three major classes: system software, programming software and application software, although the distinction is arbitrary, and often blurred.

System software

System software helps run the computer hardware and computer system. It includes:

• device drivers,
• operating systems,
• servers,
• utilities,
• windowing systems,

The purpose of systems software is to unburden the applications programmer from the details of the particular computer complex being used, including such accessory devices as communications, printers, readers, displays, keyboards, etc. And also to partition the computer's resources such as memory and processor time in a safe and stable manner.

Programming software

Programming software usually provides tools to assist a programmer in writing computer programs, and software using different programming languages in a more convenient way. The tools include:

• compilers,
• debuggers,
• interpreters,
• linkers,
• text editors,

An Integrated development environment (IDE) is a single application that attempts to manage all these functions.

Application software

Application software allows end users to accomplish one or more specific (not directly computer development related) tasks. Typical applications include:

• industrial automation,
• business software,
• computer games,
• telecommunications, (i.e., the internet and everything that flows on it)
• databases,
• educational software,
• medical software,

Tips to Avoid Getting a Computer Virus or Worm on Your Windows PC

With every passing day the Computers are made more Secure and on the Other hand they are becoming unsecure.
There ae two kind of people: (1) Those who are making our computers secure and (2) the Deadly the Hackers and The Virus/Torjans/Spywares/Adwares creators.
Both are working very efficently in their fields. In such a situations we the End users are left with only one choice to make sure that we are protected.

There are many viruses and worms out there that could infect your computer. Not all of them are going to completely destroy your data, but they are always a hassle to deal with.

Steps

1. Be careful about using MS Outlook. Outlook is more susceptible to worms than other e-mail programs, unless you have efficient Anti-Virus programs running. Use Pegasus or Thunderbird (by Mozilla), or a web-based program such as Hotmail or Yahoo or 'Outlook Express'.

2. Install an Anti-Virus program(ex. Norton, F-Secure, Sophos or McAfee.) Also available is the free AntiVir virus scanner. Make sure you keep your virus definitions updated and run a full system scan weekly.

3. Install an Anti-Spyware program(ex. Adaware SE, Microsoft Defender), that operates against internet malware and spyware. Just like Anti-Virus, keep it updated, and do a full system scan weekly.

4. If someone sends you an attachment in e-mail or instant messaging, do not open it. If it is a picture, text or sound file (these attachments end in the extensions .txt, .jpeg, .gif, .bmp, .tif, .mp3, .htm, .html, and .avi), you are probably safe. If someone you know very well sends you a Word attachment or other type of file, e-mail them to ask them if they meant to send it to you. If they say yes, you can open it, but you might still be at risk if they are not good about running Anti-Virus scans or careful about what they download. Be wary of attachments with a double extension, such as .txt.vb or .jpg.exe, as the system will only recognize the extension to the extreme right, and run the file as such. Double extensions are often a good indicator that the file is malicious.

5. Do not use disks that other people gave you, even from work. The disk could be infected with a virus. Of course, you can run a virus scan on it first to check it out, but AV programs are not 100% effective.

6. Do not download software from just any old website. If it is a reputable site that you trust, you are probably safe. The threat is not only from software; don't download Word documents or other non-HTML files that have something other than one of the extensions listed above, either.

7. Set up your Windows Update to automatically download patches and upgrades. This will allow your computer to automatically download any updates to both the operating system in Internet Explorer. These updates fix security holes in both pieces of software.

8. Consider switching to a different web browser. Other web browsers (such as Firefox or Opera and now the Google Chrome) are considered to have better security than Internet Explorer; some people also see them as more flexible and extensible browsers.

9. Be careful when surfing. You can get a malicious script from a webpage and not know it. If you have your IE set up for the maximum security settings, you are probably safe. You can try disabling javascript, but I'm not sure if this will entirely help, and it will make your web browsing pretty boring. If you ever get a window asking if you want to allow an automatic install, say "No" unless you know the site requesting the install.

10. Read about the latest virus threats so you are aware of the potential danger. Go to Symantec's or any other AntiVirus website to read about them daily.

11. Try to balance paranoia with common sense. Some people get really weird about viruses, spyware, etc. It's just a computer! Back up your data and follow these steps and it shouldn't be a big problem. Some people would suggest that you make sure you have a firewall and run anti-spyware programs as well. I'm not sure either of those will protect you from viruses, but they will protect you from hacking and from spyware. Microsoft's Antispyware and Ad-Aware are the best anti-spyware/virus programs I have found.

12. Use a software firewall! Even if you have a hardware firewall, always use a software firewall (ex. Norton, Mcafee, there's also free ones- ZoneLabs ZoneAlarm).

13. Scan things you download! Now don't be a total nut with this. But if you download something from a site that you don't know/trust, then scan it before opening it. Anything you get from P2P software you should scan, as you are getting it from a stranger. Balance scanning things with number 11, don't go nuts scanning everything you download.

Tips

PC World and other computer magazines will help you keep aware of the latest info about viruses and other things going on the Internet.

http://www.cnet.com CNET is a good place to find current updates on new viruses and security issues.

You can prevent many bugs(and ads) by blocking many sites using a host file. Like the one found here. This site also explains hosts file.

Some Anti-Virus/Anti-Spam/Anti-Malware programs are resource intensive and unless you have high system resources can slow your system during the scan process.

Many websites use ActiveX controls, which means you will have to use either Microsoft's Internet Explorer or install the Mozilla ActiveX plugin for Firefox. Many of these ActiveX controls can be malicious, so make sure you trust the author of the web page before installing any ActiveX controls.

A good free anti-spyware is Spybot Search&Destroy. This program is better than Adaware SE, the scans bring up things Adaware SE didn't detect and delete them or keep them, depending on what you want to do with the program.

Use other than Internet Explorer, as most hackers, viruses and spyware try to find computers that do and try to hack them. Try Opera, since it is so little known, nobody tries to hack it. Opera is developed by an European company. Firefox is Open Source and free and developed by Mozilla, fewer malware attacks it, however because it is well known, make sure you install updates because there are a few security holes.

Warnings

There are worms that use exploits in popular programs, email in particular, to execute code and infect a system. In most cases this is the most prevalent method of worm replication using Outlook or Outlook Express. The easiest way to avoid this is to keep current with Windows Updates, and also to disable the Preview Window.

Your safety is in your own hands be Careful be safe!.....

E-Commerce

WHAT IS E-COMMERCE?

E-Commerce is about setting your business on the Internet, allowing visitors to access your website, and go through a virtual catalog of your products / services online. When a visitor wants to buy something he/she likes, they merely, "add" it to their virtual shopping basket. Items in the virtual shopping basket can be added or deleted, and when you're all set to checkout...you head to the virtual checkout counter, which has your complete total, and will ask you for your name, address etc. and method of payment (usually via credit card). Once you have entered all this information (which by the way is being transmitted securely) you can then just wait for delivery. Its that simple. According to a CNN Opinion Poll, 62% of respondents who were surveyed said they plan to shop online during the Christmas season. Newsweek devoted its front page story to "shopping.com" in its December 7, 1998 issue (Asian Edition). The title was "Why Online Stores are the Best Thing since Santa Claus".

E-Commerce is not about just online stores, its about anything and everything to do with money. If you pay (via cash, check, credit card, etc.) E-Commerce is about to make an introduction into your life soon. Banks like Bank of America and Wells Fargo are now giving their clients accessibility to their bank accounts via the web. Soon enough, banks in Pakistan would be following suit. Days are not far away (yes in Pakistan!) when you would be able to order and reserve your request for a movie at the local video store (all online) be able to browse through various titles, etc. and if you are feeling hungry, access the local restaurant and order dinner.

In short, by implementing E-Commerce, you save money, are online 24 hours-a-day, 7 days-a-week, no traffic jams, shopping crowds, carrying overloaded heavy shopping bags etc. Just more business, the easy way.